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The fourth episode deals with the so-called i-frame and s-frame. Our guest Charlotte will tell us more about her thoughts on nudging and how big oil corporations use the reframing process to put the responsibility for the existing climate problems on the individuals.

If you want to learn more about the topics which will be discussed in our fourth episode you can have a closer look at the following articles:

Chater, N. & Loewenstein, G. (2022). The i-frame and s-frame: How focusing on individual-level solutions has led behavioral public policy abstray. Behavioral and Brian Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X22002023

Solnit, R. (2021, August 23). Big oil coined ‘carbon footprints’ to blame us for their greed. Keep them on the hook, The Guardian Live. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/23/big-oil-coined-carbon-footprints-to-blame-us-for-their-greed-keep-them-on-the-hook

Sunstein, C. R. (2014, September 22). Nudging: A very short guide. Journal of consumer policy, 37, 583-588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-014-9273-1

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The third episode focuses on the concept of heuristics and biases in the context of the climate crisis and proposes nudging as one means to overcome these.

If you want to learn more about the topics which will be discussed in our second episode you can have a closer look at the following articles:

Hagmann, D., Ho, E. H., & Loewenstein, G. (2019). Nudging out support for a carbon tax. Nature Climate Change, 9(6), 484–489. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0474-0

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Penguin Books.

Liebe, U., Gewinner, J., & Diekmann, A. (2021). Large and persistent effects of green energy defaults in the household and business sectors. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(5), 576–585. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01070-3

Maier, M., Bartoš, F., Stanley, T. D., Shanks, D. R., Harris, A. J. L., & Wagenmakers, E. (2022). No evidence for nudging after adjusting for publication bias. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(31). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2200300119

Milkman, K. L., Gandhi, L., Patel, M. S., Graci, H. N., Gromet, D. M., Ho, H., Kay, J. S., Lee, T. W., Rothschild, J., Bogard, J. E., Brody, I., Chabris, C. F., Chang, E., Chapman, G. B., Dannals, J. E., Goldstein, N. J., Goren, A., Hershfield, H., Hirsch, A., . . . Duckworth, A. L. (2022). A 680,000-person megastudy of nudges to encourage vaccination in pharmacies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(6). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115126119

O’Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (2015). Present bias: Lessons learned and to be learned. American Economic Review, 105(5), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151085

Pachur, T., Hertwig, R., & Steinmann, F. (2012). How do people judge risks: Availability heuristic, affect heuristic, or both? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18(3), 314–330. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028279

Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale University Press.

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5, 207-232.

Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.195

Walsh, B. (2019, August 14). Why Your Brain Can’t Process Climate Change. TIME. https://time.com/5651393/why-your-brain-cant-process-climate-change/

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