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What if a fungus could invade your blood vessels, cut off your blood supply, and literally cause your own tissue to die?

Meet mucormycosis, better known as “black fungus.” This rare but aggressive infection is caused by environmental molds found in soil, compost, and decaying organic matter. In vulnerable patients, it can rapidly destroy tissue, invade the sinuses and brain, cause blindness and strokes, and become fatal.

In this episode, we're digging into the history of this terrifying infection, from its earliest documented cases and the first known survivor in 1955 to the development of amphotericin B and the devastating surge of cases during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We'll break down how this fungus exploits weakened immune systems, why uncontrolled diabetes and DKA create the perfect environment for infection, and how something as seemingly harmless as inhaling environmental spores can turn into a medical nightmare.

We'll also share a real-world patient case that highlights just how difficult this infection can be to recognize, diagnose, and treat.

📚 References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Mucormycosis.
2. Mucormycosis. StatPearls. NCBI Bookshelf.
3. Mucormycosis: A Review. Clinical Medicine & Research Journal.
4. Cleveland Clinic. Mucormycosis (Black Fungus).
5. Journal of Applied Microbiology. Research on Mucormycosis.
6. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science. Article on Mucormycosis.
7. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Mucormycosis: An Update.
8. Angioinvasive Mucormycosis in Burn Intensive Care Units: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
9. Harris JS. Mucormycosis: Report of a case. Pediatrics. 1955;16(6):857–867. PubMed
10. Hendrickson RG, Olshaker J, Duckett O. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: A case of a rare, but deadly disease. J Emerg Med. 1999;17(4):641–645. Read article
11. Sixty Years of Amphotericin B: An Overview of the Main Antifungal Agent Used to Treat Invasive Fungal Infections.
12. Emerging Infectious Diseases. CDC. Article on Mucormycosis.
13. Clinical and Nursing Research article on Mucormycosis.
14. Research article on Mucormycosis. PMC.

🔗 Check out all our links, sources, and socials:https://linktr.ee/thecadaverslessons

Imagine burying a loved one, saying your final goodbyes, and believing they can finally rest in peace… only to discover their body has been stolen and sold to a medical school.

In 18th- and 19th-century Britain, the demand for human bodies in medical education created a booming underground trade. Known as resurrectionists, body snatchers dug up freshly buried corpses and sold them to anatomists desperate for cadavers.

But what happens when grave robbing becomes too much work, and murder becomes the easier business?

This week, we're uncovering the disturbing history of body snatching, from the resurrectionist gangs of Britain to the infamous murders committed by Burke and Hare and the London Burkers. We'll explore the medical education system that fueled the trade, the victims who paid the price, and the Anatomy Act of 1832 that changed how medical schools obtained human bodies.

And while the practice eventually became regulated, the ethical questions surrounding who gets used for medical science didn't disappear.

📚 References

1. Mitchell PD, Boston C, Chamberlain AT, et al. The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20th century. J Anat. 2011;219(2):91-99. Read article.
2. Hogan C. Diary of a resurrectionist: The unique record of a frightening trade born out of necessity. Royal College of Surgeons of England. May 27, 2025.
3. Bailey JB. The Diary of a Resurrectionist, 1811-1812: To Which Are Added an Account of the Resurrection Men in London and a Short History of the Passing of the Anatomy Act. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.; 1896.
4. MacDonald H. Procuring corpses: the English Anatomy Inspectorate, 1842 to 1858. Med Hist. 2009;53(3):379-396. Read article.
5. Philp J. Bodies and bureaucracy: the demise of the body snatchers in 19th century Britain. Anat Rec. 2022;305(4):827-837. Read article.
6. BBC Bitesize. Body snatching and the history of anatomy. BBC.
7. Frank JB. Body snatching: a grave medical problem. Yale J Biol Med. 1976;49(4):399-410. Read article.

🔗 Check out all our links, sources, and socials: https://linktr.ee/thecadaverslessons

What does it really mean to preserve the dead? From ancient mummification to modern funeral homes, humans have gone to extraordinary lengths to delay decomposition—and the history is far more complicated than you might think.

In this episode of The Cadaver’s Lessons, we explore the evolution of embalming, beginning with the Chinchorro people of South America, who practiced mummification thousands of years before the ancient Egyptians. We’ll uncover the elaborate preservation rituals of ancient Egypt, the experimental techniques of Renaissance anatomists, and the chemical innovations that transformed embalming into a modern profession.

Then, we travel to the American Civil War, when embalming became increasingly popular as families sought to bring fallen soldiers home. From the rise of open-casket funerals to the widespread adoption of formaldehyde, we examine how cultural expectations, scientific discovery, and the funeral industry shaped the way we care for our dead.

But preservation comes with a cost. We’re investigating the ethics of profiting from grief, the dangers of toxic embalming chemicals, and the pressure families may feel to embalm their loved ones. Is embalming essential for saying goodbye, or have we turned a personal choice into a cultural expectation?

Class is dismissed. Stay safe and stay curious.

📚 References

1. History of Embalming: An Overview. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Read the article on PMC.
2. Embalming. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Read on NCBI Bookshelf.
3. Ancient Egyptian Mummification Was Not the First. GenK. Published May 26, 2022. Read the article.
4. History of Embalming. Barton Funeral Home. Read more.
5. Embalming. Sherman's Chapel. Read more.
6. Embalming. Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School. Read the legal overview.
7. Ancient Embalming Practices. Serenity Casket. Read more.
8. The Enduring Mystery of Lady Dai's Mummy. Ancient Origins. Read the article.
9. Inca Mummies and the Afterlife. HISTORY. Read the article.
10. Civil War Embalming. National Museum of Civil War Medicine. Read more.
11. Civil War Embalming: How It Changed American Funerals. HISTORY. Read the article.
12. Embalming: Overview. Medscape. Read the medical overview.
13. Is Embalming Required Before Cremation? St. Louis Cremation. Read more.