A shipwreck on a hostile shore. A handful of survivors. And a narrative that forced an empire to look again. We kick off a new series through the eyes of Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, the first European to leave a detailed account of life among indigenous peoples along the Texas Gulf Coast.

This conversation isn’t about polishing heroes or condemning villains; it’s about evidence. We trace how a survivor’s testimony pushed some Spaniards toward empathy and accommodation without erasing conquest, and how contact changed both sides in subtle, enduring ways. If your last Texas history class stopped at seventh grade, this is your invitation to revisit the beginning with sources that restore nuance and humanity.

We mention Documents of Texas History. The citation and link are below:

• Ernest Wallace, David Vigness, & George B. Ward, Documents of Texas History (Austin, TX: Texas State Historical Association) (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth296840/: accessed January 19, 2026), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu.
• For more information, see Donald Chipman's Spanish Texas, 1519–1821 (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2010)

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