Episodi

  • Matthew Brettingham (MatthewBrettingham)

    Matthew Brettingham (MatthewBrettingham)
    Jul 30 2026
    Matthew Brettingham (1699 – 19 August 1769), sometimes called Matthew Brettingham the Elder, was an English architect who supervised the construction of Holkham Hall, and became one of the best-known architects of his generation, despite coming from modest origins. Much of his principal work has since been demolished, particularly his work in London, where he revolutionised the design of the grand townhouse. As a result, he is often overlooked today, remembered principally for his Palladian remodelling of numerous country houses, many of them situated in the East Anglia area of Britain. As Brettingham neared the pinnacle of his career, Palladianism began to fall out of fashion and neoclassicism was introduced, championed by the young Robert Adam. Born in Norwich, into a family of craftsmen, Brettingham worked initially as a surveyor, gaining experience through jobs for the city's civic authorities. Work included restorations at Norwich Cathedral, at the castle, at the local prison and… Read by Bellito. Recorded December 2, 2006; the article may have changed since. The article as it stood when recorded: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=89598473 Article today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Brettingham Original recording: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MatthewBrettingham.ogg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). This episode is a format-shifted (MP3) copy redistributed under the same license. Chapter images come from the recorded article via Wikimedia Commons; each chapter links its file page for credits. This show is an independent community project, not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
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    16 min
  • Self-handicapping (Part 5 of 5)

    Self-handicapping (Part 5 of 5)
    Jul 30 2026
    Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy by which people avoid effort in the hopes of keeping potential failure from hurting self-esteem. It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas, according to whom self-handicaps are obstacles created, or claimed, by the individual in anticipation of failing performance. Self-handicapping can be seen as a method of preserving self-esteem but it can also be used for self-enhancement and to manage the impressions of others. This conservation or augmentation of self-esteem is due to changes in causal attributions or the attributions for success and failure that self-handicapping affords. There are two methods that people use to self-handicap: behavioral and claimed self-handicaps. People withdraw effort or create obstacles to successes so they can maintain public and private self-images of competence. Self-handicapping is a widespread behavior amongst humans that has been observed in a variety of cultures and geographic areas. For… Read by Blacktc. Recorded April 22, 2019; the article may have changed since. The article as it stood when recorded: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=892943771 Article today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-handicapping Original recording: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:En_Self-handicapping_Section_5_Applications_and_Section_6_Controversies.ogg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). This episode is a format-shifted (MP3) copy redistributed under the same license. This show is an independent community project, not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
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    4 min
  • Self-handicapping (Part 4 of 5)

    Self-handicapping (Part 4 of 5)
    Jul 30 2026
    Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy by which people avoid effort in the hopes of keeping potential failure from hurting self-esteem. It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas, according to whom self-handicaps are obstacles created, or claimed, by the individual in anticipation of failing performance. Self-handicapping can be seen as a method of preserving self-esteem but it can also be used for self-enhancement and to manage the impressions of others. This conservation or augmentation of self-esteem is due to changes in causal attributions or the attributions for success and failure that self-handicapping affords. There are two methods that people use to self-handicap: behavioral and claimed self-handicaps. People withdraw effort or create obstacles to successes so they can maintain public and private self-images of competence. Self-handicapping is a widespread behavior amongst humans that has been observed in a variety of cultures and geographic areas. For… Read by Blacktc. Recorded April 22, 2019; the article may have changed since. The article as it stood when recorded: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=892943771 Article today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-handicapping Original recording: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:En_Self-handicapping_Section_4_Major_empirical_findings.ogg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). This episode is a format-shifted (MP3) copy redistributed under the same license. This show is an independent community project, not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
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    9 min
  • Self-handicapping (Part 3 of 5)

    Self-handicapping (Part 3 of 5)
    Jul 30 2026
    Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy by which people avoid effort in the hopes of keeping potential failure from hurting self-esteem. It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas, according to whom self-handicaps are obstacles created, or claimed, by the individual in anticipation of failing performance. Self-handicapping can be seen as a method of preserving self-esteem but it can also be used for self-enhancement and to manage the impressions of others. This conservation or augmentation of self-esteem is due to changes in causal attributions or the attributions for success and failure that self-handicapping affords. There are two methods that people use to self-handicap: behavioral and claimed self-handicaps. People withdraw effort or create obstacles to successes so they can maintain public and private self-images of competence. Self-handicapping is a widespread behavior amongst humans that has been observed in a variety of cultures and geographic areas. For… Read by Blacktc. Recorded April 22, 2019; the article may have changed since. The article as it stood when recorded: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=892943771 Article today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-handicapping Original recording: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:En_Self-handicapping_Section_3_Major_theoretical_approaches.ogg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). This episode is a format-shifted (MP3) copy redistributed under the same license. This show is an independent community project, not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
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    2 min
  • Self-handicapping (Part 2 of 5)

    Self-handicapping (Part 2 of 5)
    Jul 30 2026
    Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy by which people avoid effort in the hopes of keeping potential failure from hurting self-esteem. It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas, according to whom self-handicaps are obstacles created, or claimed, by the individual in anticipation of failing performance. Self-handicapping can be seen as a method of preserving self-esteem but it can also be used for self-enhancement and to manage the impressions of others. This conservation or augmentation of self-esteem is due to changes in causal attributions or the attributions for success and failure that self-handicapping affords. There are two methods that people use to self-handicap: behavioral and claimed self-handicaps. People withdraw effort or create obstacles to successes so they can maintain public and private self-images of competence. Self-handicapping is a widespread behavior amongst humans that has been observed in a variety of cultures and geographic areas. For… Read by Blacktc. Recorded April 22, 2019; the article may have changed since. The article as it stood when recorded: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=892943771 Article today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-handicapping Original recording: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:En_Self-handicapping_Section_2_Overview_and_relevance.ogg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). This episode is a format-shifted (MP3) copy redistributed under the same license. This show is an independent community project, not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
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    6 min
  • Self-handicapping (Part 1 of 5)

    Self-handicapping (Part 1 of 5)
    Jul 29 2026
    Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy by which people avoid effort in the hopes of keeping potential failure from hurting self-esteem. It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas, according to whom self-handicaps are obstacles created, or claimed, by the individual in anticipation of failing performance. Self-handicapping can be seen as a method of preserving self-esteem but it can also be used for self-enhancement and to manage the impressions of others. This conservation or augmentation of self-esteem is due to changes in causal attributions or the attributions for success and failure that self-handicapping affords. There are two methods that people use to self-handicap: behavioral and claimed self-handicaps. People withdraw effort or create obstacles to successes so they can maintain public and private self-images of competence. Self-handicapping is a widespread behavior amongst humans that has been observed in a variety of cultures and geographic areas. For… Read by Blacktc. Recorded April 22, 2019; the article may have changed since. The article as it stood when recorded: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=893538145 Article today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-handicapping Original recording: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:En_Self-handicapping_Section_1_Introduction.ogg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). This episode is a format-shifted (MP3) copy redistributed under the same license. This show is an independent community project, not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
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    3 min
  • Politics and the English Language

    Politics and the English Language
    Jul 29 2026
    "Politics and the English Language" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell that criticised the "ugly and inaccurate" written English of his time and examined the connection between political orthodoxies and the debasement of language. The essay has been widely cited in discussions of political communication and rhetoric, particularly in relation to the use of language to shape public perception. The essay focused on political language, which, according to Orwell, "is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind". Orwell believed that the language used was necessarily vague or meaningless because it was intended to hide the truth rather than express it. This unclear prose was a "contagion" which had spread to those who did not intend to hide the truth, and it concealed a writer's thoughts from himself and others. He argued that this process was both cultural and political, reinforcing patterns of unclear thinking in public… Read by Richardhanstock. Recorded January 21, 2007; the article may have changed since. The article as it stood when recorded: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=89015735 Article today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_and_the_English_Language Original recording: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Politics_and_the_English_Language.ogg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). This episode is a format-shifted (MP3) copy redistributed under the same license. This show is an independent community project, not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
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    4 min
  • Topps Meat Company

    Topps Meat Company
    Jul 29 2026
    The Topps Meat Company, LLC was a privately owned meat processing company based in Elizabeth, New Jersey. The company produced and distributed frozen ground beef patties and other meat products processed at its 3,000-square-foot (280 m2) plant in Elizabeth and posted about $8.8 million a year in sales, according to information reported by Dun & Bradstreet. In 2007, the Topps Meat Company's products were linked to an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) infections and, on October 5 of that year, the company ceased operations. Read by 0101Abc. Recorded July 24, 2022; the article may have changed since. The article as it stood when recorded: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1099903809 Article today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topps_Meat_Company Original recording: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:En-Topps_Meat_Company-article.ogg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0). This episode is a format-shifted (MP3) copy redistributed under the same license. This show is an independent community project, not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation.
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    6 min