In part 1 of our 'Racist History' theme, Neema looks at the racist history of circuses and the life of Saartje Baartman, and we discuss toxic body image standards.

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Sources

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/feb/09/brazilian-butt-lift-worlds-most-dangerous-cosmetic-surgery

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG45022

http://www.saartjiebaartmancentre.org.za/about-us/saartjie-baartmans-story/ 

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35240987 

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/theater/venus-review.html

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/12/treasury-tweet-slavery-compensate-slave-owners

Ashley RR. #ModernBaartmans: Black Women’s Reimagining of Saartjie Baartman. Journal of Black Studies. March 2021. doi:10.1177/00219347211006483

Gordon-Chipembere, Natasha (Ed.) (2011): Representation and Black Womanhood: The Legacy of Sarah Baartman. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.

Ndlovu, Siphiwe Gloria (2011): “Body” of Evidence: Saartjie Baartman and the Archive. In Natasha Gordon-Chipembere (Ed.): Representation and Black Womanhood: The Legacy of Sarah Baartman. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 17–30.

Bravo, K. (2015). Black Female “Things” in International Law: A Meditation on Saartjie Baartman and Truganini. In J. Levitt (Ed.), Black Women and International Law: Deliberate Interactions, Movements and Actions (pp. 289-326). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139108751.015

Fausto-Sterling, Anne (1995): Gender, Race, and Nation: The Comparative Anatomy of "Hottentot" Women in Europe, 1815-1817. In, pp. 19–48.

YVETTE ABRAHAMS (1997) The great long national insult: ‘science’, sexuality and the Khoisan in the 18th and early 19th century, Agenda, 13:32, 34-48, DOI: 10.1080/10130950.1997.9675585

Natasha Mwansa (2018) The Tragic Story Of Sarah Baartman And The Enduring Objectification Of Black Women. https://medium.com/the-establishment/the-tragic-story-of-sarah-baartman-the-enduring-objectification-of-black-bodies-b310ef20c739

Magubane, Z. (2001). Which Bodies Matter? Feminism, Poststructuralism, Race, and the Curious Theoretical Odyssey of the "Hottentot Venus". Gender and Society, 15(6), 816-834. Retrieved May 23, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3081904