Lithium Power

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Lithium Power

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If you look at Earth from space, you’ll see a mysterious white spot on the west side of South America, in Bolivia. It’s so big that it looks like a flaw in the satellite photo. But it’s actually the world’s largest deposit of lithium, which has eroded from the Andes Mountains to form an enormous salt flat. Lithium is a very special element. It’s the lightest metal, with an atomic number of 3. Only hydrogen and helium are lighter, and they’re gases. It’s also highly reactive, because its third electron, circling alone in an outer orbit, is eager to bond with other elements. These two qualities, light weight and reactivity, make it perfect for rechargeable batteries. In fact, the lithium-ion battery has changed the world. It has allowed portable computers and mobile phones to become increasingly lighter and smaller, fundamentally altering the way we work, communicate, and access information. Continued advances in lithium batteries are expected to make electric cars cheaper and lighter, with the ability to drive longer on a single charge. They may also lead to widespread power-grid batteries. These could provide better, more portable storage of electricity to stabilize the output of renewable energies, when the wind’s not blowing or the sun’s not shining. This has made lithium a highly valuable commodity and could turn the Bolivian salt flat, once a remote tourist destination, into a powerful economic resource for the world.

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