If you talk to any fisherman in Maine about the impacts of warming waters, you’re guaranteed to hear about biofouling at some point. To put it bluntly, biofouling mucks up gear. Critters and plants like kelp, sponges, mussels, sea squirts, and algae grow thick on lobster traps and oyster cages, making maintaining gear and harvesting catch more challenging. Every inch of gear that is covered by biofouling organisms is an inch of gear that wild harvesters and sea farmers have to routinely clean to keep gear functional.

In this episode we’ll meet sea farmers who are tackling the issue of biofouling in unique and practical ways. On Great Cranberry island: an oyster farmer has found a better way for her team to flip oyster cages, a process necessary to stave off biofouling, and she’s even experimenting with introducing some predators onto the farm. And in southern Maine: a company that developed a plastic-free alternative to oyster bags is testing that product as a promising solution to biofouling on scallop lanterns nets.

In this episode of From the Sea Up, we explore how adaptation can take shape not just on the water, but in the way businesses are structured. We hear from Kristin Isfeld, an oyster and kelp farmer in Casco Bay who joined the Maine Family Sea Farm Cooperative to share infrastructure, reduce risk, and keep her operation small and flexible. And further up the coast, we meet Seraphina Erhart, the general manager of Maine Coast Sea Vegetables, an employee-owned company built on slow growth, high quality seaweed products, and long-term relationships with wild harvesters.

Together, these stories show how cooperative and employee-owned models can help coastal businesses respond to environmental and economic change — by spreading risk, sharing resources, and building resilience without pushing ecosystems or communities beyond their limits.

Please note: When this interview with Kristin Isfeld was conducted she was still living and working in Maine and part of the Maine Family Sea Farms Cooperative. Though she is no longer oyster farming on Maine’s waterfront, she offers valuable insight into the inner workings of this unique economic model.

Climate change makes the future of high-value species uncertain. As the ocean and its systems change and become more unpredictable, so do the species that follow them in order to survive. For fishermen that rely on these species, this shift in patterns make it difficult to earn a living working on the water and preserve Maine’s traditional blue economy. Some fishermen and seafood dealers are exploring ways to adapt to this unpredictable future by not only diversifying what they catch, but where and how they market and sell their product.

In 2021, Libby Davis of Portland started Ladyshuckers, a catering and event company that’s helped put Maine oysters on the map and redefined how customers interact with these idiosyncratic bivalves. And, in Belfast, Sadie Samuels shifted her lobstering business to focus on direct marketing her catch - she opened a food truck, then a brick-and-mortar restaurant, and sells right off the boat. By direct marketing products and connecting directly with the public, these industry innovators and others all along the Maine coast have created more resilient business models.