The will he signed excluded Black people — and founded a university
An old man sits alone in a plantation house in South Carolina, drafting a will with eight hundred and fourteen acres and a lifetime of grief behind him. He has already buried a wife and four children, and the document he writes will outlive every person he might have left it to. What he chooses to build with that land — and what he chooses to write into its founding rules — will outlast him by more than a century.
In this episode, we trace Thomas Green Clemson's path from Philadelphia and Paris through Confederate nitrate mines to a South Carolina plantation house, asking how a scientist's grief became a university, and what it took to undo the exclusion he wrote into its founding document.
Person: Thomas Green Clemson
Location: Fort Hill, Pendleton, South Carolina
Date: April 6, 1888
Case: the will that founded Clemson Agricultural College
Status: honored as written, then dismantled by federal court order decades later
- Clemson was born in Philadelphia on July 1, 1807, and studied chemistry and assaying in Paris, training at the Sorbonne and the Royal School of Mines
- He married Anna Maria Calhoun, daughter of John C. Calhoun, in 1838, and served as U.S. Chargé d'Affaires to Belgium from 1844 to 1852
- Both of his surviving adult children, Floride and John, died three weeks apart in the summer of 1871; his wife Anna died in 1875
- His will left Fort Hill and its 814 acres to South Carolina to found an agricultural college, with explicit language barring Black and white students from attending together
- Harvey Gantt won a federal lawsuit and became the university's first Black student on January 28, 1963, seventy-five years after Clemson's death
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