How does a medical doctor go from managing patients’ blood sugar and kidney failure to designing global health policy, and now to leading action on climate change?

Sandro Demaio joins Salma to discuss his career from working as a clinician to leading health and climate change work for the Western Pacific Region of the WHO. They explore the skills that transfer across his roles in medicine and public health—systems thinking, communication, and entrepreneurship—and examine why public health is often uncomfortable with that last word. They also discuss Sandro’s experience as a public communicator and advocate, from newspaper columns to a Netflix series to getting national vaping legislation through Parliament. Finally, they turn to climate change and discuss how to keep working on the same problems, while reframing the narrative, when the political or social environment isn’t receptive.

This episode invites you to reflect on why careers are rarely well-defined or linear, which skills transfer across roles, and how an entrepreneurial mindset can help public health keep pace with a changing world.

About the guest:

Sandro Demaio is the Director of the WHO Asia-Pacific Centre for Environment and Health, based in Seoul. He is a physician with a PhD in noncommunicable diseases. His experience spans the World Health Organization in Geneva, where he worked on nutrition and food systems; leading the EAT Foundation through the launch of the EAT-Lancet Commission; running Victoria’s health promotion agency through the pandemic; and co-hosting a medical series that aired on national television in Australia and on Netflix.

Notes:

Acronyms used in this episode include:

• AI: artificial intelligence

• CEO: chief executive officer

• GP: general practitioner

• MPH: Master of Public Health

• NCD / NCDs: noncommunicable disease(s)

• PhD: Doctor of Philosophy

• UN: United Nations

• VicHealth: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation

• WHO: World Health Organization

Useful resources:

• Ask The Doctor. Netflix; 2017. https://www.netflix.com/title/81003997

• Demaio S, Edwards SJ, Ji JS, Nordström A, Shinee E, Mercado S. The next five years of the WHO Asia–Pacific Centre for Environment and Health. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific. 2026;66:101782. doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101782

• Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, et al. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet. 2019;393(10170):447-492. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4

If you have any questions or feedback, email us at healthierfutureslab@wustl.edu.

Host: Dr. Salma Abdalla

Producer: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Production assistant: Mateo Diaz Quiroz

Marketing and social media: Kinkini Bhaduri

Research for episode preparation: Catalina Melendez Contreras and Mateo Diaz Quiroz

Music: Eden Avery / Melting Glass from Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/track/2fqOXWpHab/

The views and opinions expressed by the guest in this episode do not necessarily reflect those of their institution, the funders, or the podcast team.

How much of what you believe about health comes from your political identity and who you are listening to?

Matt Motta joins Salma to explore how political identity shapes what people believe about health. They start by discussing vaccines, revisiting the story of how a Lyme disease vaccine for humans failed to be socially accepted after it launched in 1998, and then turn to why vaccines have become a way to signal where you stand rather than a technical question. They cover state vaccine legislation, the stigmatization of mRNA vaccines after the COVID-19 pandemic, and where healthy scrutiny of new vaccines ends and stigma begins.

They then shift the conversation to discuss effective communication strategies, with Matt describing his field experiments with social media creators, discussing his current research on gambling ads and reflecting on what it has been like to communicate his own research to the public about politically contested topics.

This episode invites you to pause and reflect on the effects of the advertisements and information you come across before making your next health decisions.

About the guest

Matthew Motta is an Associate Professor of Health Law, Policy, & Management at Boston University's School of Public Health. He is also Affiliated Faculty with Harvard's TH Chan School of Public Health and a Research Fellow at the Policy Lab at Brown University. His research has two main foci around (i) the social and political determinants of anti-science attitudes and (ii) the design of effective communication strategies pertaining politically contentious scientific matters.

Notes

Acronyms used in this episode include:

• AI: Artificial intelligence
• AJPH: American Journal of Public Health
• BU: Boston University
• CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• CFTC: Commodity Futures Trading Commission
• GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1
• GOP: Grand Old Party (also known as Republican Party)
• HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus
• KFF: Kaiser Family Foundation
• MAGA: Make America Great Again
• MAHA: Make America Healthy Again
• MMR: measles, mumps, rubella
• mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid
• PAHO: Pan American Health Organization

Useful resources:

1. Liu Y, Motta M, Brenna K, et al. Training TikTok creators in mental health communication can benefit their audiences. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 2026;22:101101. doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101101
2. Louis C, Ross JC, Motta M. Sports Betting Ads are Everywhere. That Could be a Public Health Problem. J Gambl Stud. 2026;42(3):1321-1325. doi:10.1007/s10899-026-10497-0
3. Motta M. Anti-Scientific Americans: The Prevalence, Origins, and Political Consequences of Anti-Intellectualism in the U.S. Oxford University Press; 2024.
4. Motta M, Callaghan T. Quantifying the Polarization of Vaccine Policymaking Across State Legislatures. Published online 2026.
5. Motta M, Callaghan T, Lipson SK, Ross J, Strombotne K, Louis C. The Public Health Impact of GLP-1 Advertising Exposure in the U.S. SocArXiv. Preprint posted online January 16, 2026. doi:10.31235/osf.io/gs5x4_v1
6. Motta M. The potential public health consequences of “mRNA vaccine stigmatization” in the US. Polit life sci. Published online July 31, 2026:1-10. doi:10.1017/pls.2026.10027

Host: Dr. Salma Abdalla

Editor and producer: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Production assistant: Mateo Diaz Quiroz

Marketing and social media: Kinkini Bhaduri

Research for episode preparation: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Music: Eden Avery / Melting Glass from Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/track/2fqOXWpHab/

The views and opinions expressed by the guest in this episode do not necessarily reflect those of their institution, the funders, or the podcast team.

Why does public health still struggle to be trusted both at home and abroad?

Craig and Salma discuss the current Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which has disappeared from the news but continues building up to be the largest outbreak in history. They discuss Craig’s personal experience as an Ebola survivor in 2014, and analyze how Ebola, and other global health emergencies, can seem very different from an epidemiologic perspective versus the perspective of the community living through it.

They then pivot to discuss domestic public health and Craig’s recent piece in The Atlantic highlighting that public health needs to take seriously the roughly 40% of Americans who support the MAHA movement and critiques of the piece, as well as Craig’s work on In Health We trust project.

This episode invites you to step outside the biomedical lens of public health crises and listen to people to understand their priorities from a social and humane standpoint.

About the guest:

Craig Spencer is an emergency physician and an Associate Professor of the Practice of Health Services, Policy and Practice at the Brown University School of Public Health. His research is focused on community engagement and public trust in health systems, both in global and domestic settings. His current community-engaged research program, In Health We Trust, is focused on understanding how Americans relate to health, and aims to serve as a foundation for building a more responsive and equitable US public health system.

Notes:

Acronyms used in this episode include:

AAP = American Academy of Pediatrics

DC = Washington, DC

DRC = Democratic Republic of Congo

DOGE = Department of Government Efficiency

EKG = Electrocardiogram

FDA = Food and Drug Administration

HHS = Health and Human Services

HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IRBs = Institutional Review Boards

MAGA = Make America Great Again

MAHA = Make America Healthy Again

NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NIH = National Institutes of Health

PEPFAR = President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

ROI = Return on investment

UK = United Kingdom

US = United States

USAID = United States Agency for International Development

WHO = World Health Organization

Useful resources:

Spencer C. Public Health Needs MAHA. The Atlantic. July 25, 2026. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/2026/07/public-health-maha-rfk/688014/

If you have any questions or feedback, email us at healthierfutureslab@wustl.edu.

Host: Dr. Salma Abdalla

Producer: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Production assistant: Mateo Diaz Quiroz

Marketing and social media: Kinkini Bhaduri

Research for episode preparation: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Music: Eden Avery / Melting Glass from Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/track/2fqOXWpHab/

The views and opinions expressed by the guest in this episode do not necessarily reflect those of their institution, the funders, or the podcast team.

When was the last time a health system asked people for what they needed?

Margaret Kruk joins Salma to discuss health systems and one of their key components: the experience of patients. They start their conversation with an overview of the functions and components of a health system and highlight that, similar to other service industries, healthcare needs to function for the people it serves and should check-in with these end-users. Margaret revisits her early-on experiences as a family doctor in rural Canada and in Kigoma, Tanzania, where she realized health systems were not responding to people’s needs, despite being designed as systems that should perform well. The conversation then shifts to discussing The Lancet Global Health Commission on High Quality Health Systems, a joint effort of researchers, healthcare providers and health systems decision makers, to understand what data were available to track quality and what data were missing to respond to the most relevant questions of quality healthcare practice, finding that available measures of quality did not map to patients’ outcomes.

Shifting course, Margaret and Salma explore the People’s Voice Survey, a global survey currently measuring health systems’ quality in 23 countries based on people’s perceptions and confidence in the system. Margaret highlights the importance of confidence—reflecting security and endorsement of systems that people can count on when they need it—and the differences between mental health and chronic physical conditions.

Finally, they reflect on the future of primary care, starting with a brief recount of its history and mission. They examine the role of emerging technologies, and especially artificial intelligence, on empowering patients and getting them to demand better quality of systems, considering the improvement of health systems should be a shared endeavor.

This episode will invite you to reconsider what a truly patient-centered health system looks like, and what it takes to build one.

About the guest:

Margaret E. Kruk, MD, MPH is the Distinguished Professor of Health Systems and Medicine at Washington University Bursky School of Public Health and the Director of the QuEST Centers and Network. Her research focuses on how health systems, both in low- and high-income countries, can improve quality of care and health outcomes, as well as build public confidence in systems.

Notes:

Acronyms used in this podcast include:

• AI = Artificial Intelligence
• GDP = Gross Domestic Product
• QI = Quality Improvement
• UK = United Kingdom
• US = United States
• UN = United Nations
• UNDP = United Nations Development Programme

Useful resources:

• Kruk ME, Gage AD, Arsenault C, et al. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. The Lancet Global Health. 2018;6(11):e1196-e1252. doi:1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3
• Kruk ME, Pate M. The Lancet Global Health Commission on High Quality Health Systems 1 year on: progress on a global imperative. The Lancet Global Health. 2020;8(1):e30-e32. doi:1016/S2214-109X(19)30485-1
• Kruk ME, Kapoor NR, Arsenault C, et al. Health system use and experience among people with poor mental health: A cross-sectional analysis of the People’s Voice Survey in 18 countries. Tang S, ed. PLoS Med. 2026;23(5):e1004745. doi:1371/journal.pmed.1004745
• MAVEN-Primary Care: AI-Powered Patient-Provider Collaboration to Transform Chronic Disease Management. Digital Intelligence & Innovation Accelerator. 2026. https://di2accelerator.wustl.edu/digital-transformation-corps/2026-projects/maven-primary-care-ai-powered-patient-provider-collaboration-to-transform-chronic-disease-management/

If you have any questions or feedback, email us at healthierfutureslab@wustl.edu.

Host: Dr. Salma Abdalla

Editor: Zach Linhares

Producer: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Production assistant: Mateo Diaz Quiroz

Marketing and social media: Kinkini Bhaduri

Research for episode preparation: Mateo Diaz Quiroz

Music: Eden Avery / Melting Glass from Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/track/2fqOXWpHab/

The views and opinions expressed by the guest in this episode do not necessarily reflect those of their institution, the funders, or the podcast team.

In this last episode of the Building Better Ways of Knowing (BBWK) mini-series, Kumanan joins Salma to discuss knowledge systems and their articulations with public health practice in the global context. They begin the conversation by reflecting on knowledge systems, how they have privileged and excluded different forms of knowledge, and how they have lagged behind transformations across other dimensions of society. They then touch on Kumanan’s experience working for a meningococcal B vaccine randomized control trial (RCT) in New Zealand to depict how some forms of knowledge generation don’t reflect real-world scenarios.

They then shift course to discuss the emergence of The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research in 1999 and the functions it serves in the global health scenario to close the “know-do gap”: supporting high-quality research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), building research capacity in LMICs, and advocating for and building the field. Finally, they discuss the changing global power dynamics with increased within-country inequities and rising health sovereignty, Professor Wasi’s concept of "The triangle that moves mountains” to describe what is needed for long-lasting change, and the expected future of universities and healthcare with the rise of artificial intelligence.

This closing conversation sums up the interdisciplinary conversations hosted during this BBWK summer mini-series and invites you to comprehensively reflect on how knowledge generation intersects with real-life scenarios.

About the guest:

Kumanan Rasanathan is the Executive Director of The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research at the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. He is a public health physician with a strong background in health policy and systems research and extensive experience working at different levels of the World Health Organization and within the wider UN system. As part of The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, Kumanan and his team lead the global learning component of the Building Better Ways of Knowing initiative.

Notes:

Acronyms mentioned in this episode include:

• AI = Artificial Intelligence
• LLM = Large Language Model
• RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial
• SAS = Statistical Analysis System
• WHO = World Health Organization

Host: Dr. Salma Abdalla

Editors: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Marketing: Kinkini Bhaduri

Music: Helmut Schenker / Omnia from Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/music/tracks/60e14d61-23ca-4899-9c56-9a9018634986/

The views and opinions expressed by the guest in this episode do not necessarily reflect those of their institution, the funders, or the podcast team.

Almost nothing about how the United States government funds health research was chosen. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) began with leftover penicillin money and a letter to medical school deans. The decision to fund projects rather than people came from a foundation protecting itself during the Depression. The paperwork came from a congressman who was annoyed in 1962.

Michael Lauer spent nearly two decades at the NIH, serving as Deputy Director for Extramural Research from 2015 until 2025. He joins Salma to trace how these accidents hardened into a system that leaves scientists dependent on grants for their salaries, concentrates most of the money in a small number of hands, and does not grant most researchers independence until their mid-forties. They discuss what could be done differently, and the question that has gone unanswered since the 1940s: who should decide what science gets done.

Dr. Lauer suggests that the current situation being faced by the NIH and researchers is the result of these structural problems and highlights that while there is a crisis, it is also an opportunity to restructure funding and research incentives.

This episode asks whether the current inflection point in research funding might be the opening needed to rethink a system that was never quite designed to work.

Notes:

Acronyms used in this episode include:

• CTSA = Clinical and Translational Science Awards
• IACUCs = Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
• IRB = Institutional Review Board
• MIRA = Maximizing Investigators' Research Award
• NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• NCI = National Cancer Institute
• NHLBI = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
• NIAID = National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
• NIGMS = National Institute of General Medical Sciences
• NIH = National Institutes of Health
• NSF = National Science Foundation
• PCORI = Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
• R01 = Research Project Grant

Fact checks:

• Glenn Seaborg was Chancellor of the University of California at Berkeley between 1958 and 1961

About the guest:

Michael Lauer is a cardiologist and physician-scientist who served as the Director of the Office of Extramural Research and the Deputy Director for Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) between October 2015 and February 2025. As Director for Extramural Research he led the NIH funding processes for universities, medical schools, and research organizations outside of the United States government.

Useful resources:

• Bush V. Science, The Endless Frontier - 75th Anniversary Edition. National Science Foundation. Published online 2023. https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2023-04/EndlessFrontier75th_w.pdf
• Kratsios M. Science, A New Golden Age. Office of Science and Technology Policy; 2026. https://www.whitehouse.gov/science/

Host: Dr. Salma Abdalla

Editors: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Marketing: Kinkini Bhaduri

Music: Eden Avery / Melting Glass from Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/track/2fqOXWpHab/

The views and opinions expressed by the guest in this episode do not necessarily reflect those of their institution, the funders, or the podcast team.

Sara and Darren join Salma to discuss Civic City’s community-first model. They start the conversation by exploring how Civic City uses knowledge, narrative, and design to co-create solutions with communities. To make this tangible, they delve into the Food City STL initiative, which started off by deep community listening and led to a city resolution declaring food as a human right.

Pertaining to the role of academic research and knowledge generation, Sara and Darren talk about their collaboration with University of Missouri St. Louis, which began as something transactional and evolved to a true co-creation partnership. They also highlight the value of data, acknowledging that “data is gold”, and argue that communities sit on valuable knowledge that institutions often extract without returning value instead of sharing the findings back with the communities. Finally, they emphasize that knowledge, agency, and capacity are the three things needed to move from knowledge to action, and underscore the importance of creating new spaces to foster interaction and collaboration between academia, journalism, and community. However, they note that these interactions must acknowledge that knowledge generation and co-creation processes are scalable, but the solutions that result from them are not.

If you’ve wondered what true community involvement in research looks like, and how it can evolve to ensure true co-creation of knowledge, this episode will give you concrete ideas to help catalyze this shift.

About the guests:

Darren Jackson is Founder of Civic City, a community-first civic venture studio in St. Louis that works with communities, industry, and government to build solutions and opportunities to public challenges. He is a civic innovation leader specializing in human-centered design, applying data, empathy, and creative problem-solving to help communities and institutions build cities for all. He previously served as Executive Sourcing Partner and Advisor to Meta, Adobe, Block, and IDEO, aiming to bridge innovation with civic impact.

Sara Bannoura is Co-Founder of Civic City, where she helps lead the Food for All campaign. She is a journalist and civic systems leader who explores how storytelling, community knowledge, and lived experience shape public systems and policy. She previously served as senior producer in local television news, produced a feature documentary on the fentanyl crisis in St. Louis, and led coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic and reported daily on public health data and disparities while documenting the lived realities of communities navigating unequal access to essential resources.

Notes:

Acronyms mentioned in this episode include:

• CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• CEO = Chief Executive Officer
• COO = Chief Operating Officer
• DRC = Democratic Republic of Congo
• USML = University of Missouri, St Louis

Useful resources:

1.For the Sake of All: A Report on the Health and Well-Being of African Americans in St. Louis and Why It Matters for Everyone. Washington University in St. Louis and Saint Louis University; 2015. https://bpb-us-e2.wpmucdn.com/sites.wustl.edu/dist/3/1454/files/2018/06/FSOA_report_2-17zd1xm.pdf

Host: Dr. Salma Abdalla

Editors: Catalina Melendez Contreras

Marketing: Kinkini Bhaduri

Music: Helmut Schenker / Omnia from Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/music/tracks/60e14d61-23ca-4899-9c56-9a9018634986/

The views and opinions expressed by the guest in this episode do not necessarily reflect those of their institution, the funders, or the podcast team.

This episode is a re-run of the Ideas Matter podcast episode “The Future of Higher Education” hosted by Dean Sandro Galea—Vice Provost for Interdisciplinary Initiatives at WashU and Co-Director of the Building Better Ways of Knowing initiative—in conversation with Professor Mitchell Stevens. The original episode was released by Ideas Matter on May 26, 2026.

In this episode, Dean Galea and Dr. Stevens discuss the current state of higher education, and the challenges and opportunities that result from thismoment of institutional change and fourth industrial revolution.

Looking back, Dean Galea and Dr. Stevens examine the values that have sustained higher education throughout its history, the historical role of education as a service, economic, civic and moral provider to the nation, and the main pathway towards economic mobility. They highlighted that the majority of the nation does not access or complete college, which has resulted in the economic, cultural, and political splits that have contributed to current polarization levels. They unpack challenges related to unaffordability, unrestrained costs, and the student-debt crisis; the moral/civic question of who should be responsible for the lifelong employability of American people; the threats posed to current higher education by the shrinking pool of youth and young adults, technological leaps, and the “casualization” of faculty.

Looking forward, they discuss the challenge that AI poses to the long-held idea that expert knowledge lives irreplaceably in human minds and Dr. Stevens suggests that a paradigm shift, moving away from school-centric logics of human capital towards new hybrid models and the investment in people’s capabilities across the life course, should be adopted.

If you wonder what higher education will look like amidst the fourth industrial revolution catalyzed by AI and the demographic shift, this episode will offer a clear framework to understand how we got here and how things might unfold.

About the guest:

Mitchell Stevens is Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Faculty Affiliate at the Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) at Stanford University, where he also convenes the Pathways Network and the Futures Project on Education and the Learning Society. His research focuses on educational sequences, lifelong learning, alternative educational forms, and the formal organization of knowledge.

Notes:

Acronyms mentioned in this episode include:

- AI = Artificial intelligence

- K-12 = Kindergarten through 12th grade

- MOOC = Massive open online course

Host: Dr. Salma Abdalla

Editors: Ryan Rhea and Catalina Melendez Contreras

Marketing: Kinkini Bhaduri

Music: Helmut Schenker / Omnia from Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com/music/tracks/60e14d61-23ca-4899-9c56-9a9018634986/

The views and opinions expressed by the guest in this episode do not necessarily reflect those of their institution, the funders, or the podcast team.