Lord Heseltine tells the story of the birth of the European Space Agency. Why post-Apollo, when the US was spending £1.2 billion a year on space, the whole of Europe was spending just £200 million. Why the birth of ESA was driven by the self-interest of three major countries. Why the US general with a $29 billion budget for the Star Wars project wanted to invest in Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh. Why, the idea that Britain could compete alone with the technologies that were accumulated and available to the American capitalist system was “simply laughable”. Why “being European is not selling out British interests”. And why Margaret Thatcher told him: “If you want to get on and put your budget into this, you can, but you're not getting any of mine."

Join Alice and Lord Heseltine as they pick apart the negotiating contrivances and the wheeling and dealing to circumnavigate “turkeys not voting for Christmas” that ultimately put European space on the map.

Contributors:

Alice Bunn, President of UKspace

Dr Alice Bunn OBE FIMechE FRAeS CEng | LinkedIn

UKspace: Overview | LinkedIn

Lord Heseltine, Member of the House of Lords

Key topics covered:

• Creation of the European Space Agency (ESA)
• US "Star Wars" program and brain drain
• Geopolitical case for European R&D collaboration
• Impact of Brexit on science and technology

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Bloating is a common presentation in primary care and can be caused by a wide variety of conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome, food intolerances, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

[Main] Bloating is a key characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but can also be a sign of a food intolerance (such as lactose intolerance) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). In this episode of the Clinical Update podcast, MIMS Learning editors Sangeeta and Rhiannon explore the potential causes of bloating and how they should be diagnosed and managed.

They review both the NICE and the Rome IV criteria for diagnosing IBS, subtypes, and management options (such as the FODMAP diet), and look at red flag symptoms that require further assessment. They also discuss the differences between functional gastrointestinal conditions and IBS.

The bidirectional relationship between eating disorders and gastrointestinal conditions, and

how bile acid malabsorption can masquerade as IBS-D, are also explored.

Educational objectives

After listening to this episode, healthcare professionals should be more aware of

• How IBS is diagnosed and managed
• How functional gastrointestinal disorders differ from IBS
• Food intolerances (including lactose intolerance) that are associated with bloating
• The bidirectional relationship between eating disorders and gastrointestinal conditions

You can access the website version of this podcast, along with a list of key learning points, on MIMS Learning — and make notes for your appraisal. MIMS Learning offers hundreds of hours of CPD for healthcare professionals, along with a handy CPD organiser.

Please note: this podcast is presented by medical editors and discusses educational content written or presented by doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals on the MIMS Learning website and at live events.

This episode was produced by Jude Owen.

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Bloating

Constipation: red flags and new dietary guidelines

Disorders of gut-brain interaction

Irritable bowel syndrome: clinical review

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