The Jars in Building Two: Unclaimed Organs and Willowbrook's Hidden Experiments copertina

The Jars in Building Two: Unclaimed Organs and Willowbrook's Hidden Experiments

The Jars in Building Two: Unclaimed Organs and Willowbrook's Hidden Experiments

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The Jars in Building Two: Unclaimed Organs and Willowbrook's Hidden Experiments

Dozens of sealed jars containing what appeared to be human organs were found on shelves alongside crystals of picric acid - explosive on contact - when the bomb squad entered Building Two, yet no one ever explained whose organs they were. Who decided to keep those jars, and why did retired detective Paul Ragonese say the incident was largely covered up by local officials?

In this episode, we lay out the events described in the transcript: the discovery in 1991, the decades of overcrowding and hepatitis outbreaks at Willowbrook State School, the human experimentation by researchers Saul Krugman and Robert W. McCollum, and the public revelations sparked by an undercover reporter. What connects the unclaimed jars in Building Two to the larger story of institutional neglect and ethically fraught research?

Person: Paul Ragonese
Date: 1991
Location: Building Two, Willowbrook State School, Staten Island
Topic: hepatitis experiments and institutional conditions
Researchers: Saul Krugman; Robert W. McCollum

- Dozens of sealed jars containing apparent human organs were on shelves in Building Two when the bomb squad entered in 1991.
- Crystals of picric acid, described as explosive on contact and unstable with age, sat beside the jars in Building Two.
- From 1956, Krugman and McCollum conducted hepatitis transmission studies at Willowbrook that included feeding live hepatitis virus from fecal samples to 60 healthy children, all of whom became ill.
- By 1965, Willowbrook housed 6,000 residents in a facility designed for 4,000, making it the largest state-run institution for people with intellectual disabilities in the United States.
- In October 1947, New York State opened Willowbrook State School under the Department of Mental Hygiene on land converted from Halloran General Hospital after World War II.

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