12 - Swiss Tarot. (part 2).

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12 - Swiss Tarot. (part 2).

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Swiss Tarot. (part 2). Distinctive Features. Iconographic Variations. Swiss Tarot decks exhibit notable iconographic variations rooted in regional adaptations of the broader Tarot de Marseille tradition, particularly through the incorporation of pagan elements that diverge from Christian symbolism prevalent in many European tarot patterns. In place of the traditional Papess (II) and Pope (V) figures, Swiss decks feature the Roman deities Juno and Jupiter, depicted as regal, enthroned gods in classical attire—Juno often shown with a peacock or scepter, and Jupiter with thunderbolts or an eagle—reflecting a secular shift influenced by anti-clerical sentiments in Protestant regions following the Reformation. This substitution, originating in the Besançon pattern from which Swiss Tarot derives in the late 17th century, underscores a deliberate move toward mythological rather than ecclesiastical imagery, aligning with post-Reformation trends toward de-Christianization in popular art and games in Protestant areas of Europe. The artistic style of Swiss Tarot remains closely tied to its Marseille heritage, characterized by simplified, bold color palettes in primary hues—reds, blues, and golds—applied to flat, two-dimensional figures with minimal shading and sparse backgrounds that emphasize symbolic clarity over narrative depth. Unlike the more illustrative Rider-Waite deck, which incorporates detailed scenes and esoteric embellishments, Swiss Tarot maintains a stark, woodcut-inspired aesthetic with unadorned pip cards and trump figures in period costumes, prioritizing functionality for gameplay while evoking 19th-century folk art traditions. Specific trump imagery in Swiss Tarot adheres to traditional motifs with French titles printed on the trump cards. The Fool (unnumbered or XXI), for instance, portrays a jester-like wanderer in motley attire adorned with bells, carrying a bindle and accompanied by a snapping dog, symbolizing naive adventure and folly in a manner consistent with early Marseille depictions. Similarly, the Death card (XIII) shows a skeletal figure wielding a scythe amid falling bodies or a barren landscape, representing inevitable transformation through its grim, unembellished reaper iconography. Unlike later occult tarot interpretations, Swiss Tarot lacks modern esoteric overlays such as astrological glyphs, Kabbalistic trees, or alchemical symbols, preserving a purely pictorial tradition focused on moral and allegorical themes derived from medieval trionfi without 19th-century hermetic additions. This absence reinforces the deck's historical role as a game tool rather than a divinatory or mystical instrument, maintaining iconographic purity in its reproductions. Design and Printing Characteristics. Swiss Tarot decks, exemplified by the 1JJ variant, employ traditional Roman numeral indexing on the trump cards, utilizing additive notation such as IIII for 4 and VIIII for 9 in certain instances, without any Arabic numeral alternatives to preserve historical authenticity.[6] This numbering system extends to the minor arcana pips, where inconsistencies appear, such as VIIII for the nine of cups while other suits use IX, reflecting the deck's roots in early European printing conventions. The court cards in Swiss Tarot are single-sided and lack corner indices or reversible designs, which supports gameplay functionality in games like Troccas and Troggu by requiring players to fully reveal each card's orientation and suit. Face cards are not vertically symmetrical, adhering to classic Marseille-style layouts that prioritize illustrative detail over modern convenience features. Early editions of Swiss Tarot were produced using woodblock printing techniques, with designs carved into wood and colored via stenciling or block overlays in limited hues like red, blue, green, yellow, and brown on a black base. Over time, production evolved to lithographic methods in the 19th century for more consistent reproduction, while contemporary versions utilize offset printing to maintain the hand-drawn, woodcut aesthetics of originals dating back to around 1830. Standard Swiss Tarot decks consist of 78 cards with proportions approximately 60mm by 110mm, though slight variations occur across publishers like AGMüller. Some modern editions feature bilingual labels in German and French to accommodate Switzerland's linguistic diversity, alongside traditional French titles on the majors and suits. Usage and Gameplay. Troccas. Troccas is a trick-taking card game played with the full 78-card Swiss Tarot deck, typically for four players in two fixed partnerships, though variants exist for three players. The deck, comprising 21 trumps (numbered I to XXI), the Fool, and four suits (cups, coins, swords, and batons) of 14 cards each, enables the game's structure by providing powerful trumps and an excuse card in the Fool. All cards are dealt in packets—usually in three rounds of six, ...

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